Ī Guideline Development Group was established by WHO in 2019 consisting of 28 experts from relevant scientific disciplines as well as practitioners and decision makers in the field with representation from all regions to contribute to the process of developing these guidelines. In 2020, WHO released global guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children, adolescents, adults, older adults and sub-populations such as pregnant and postpartum women and those living with chronic conditions or disabilities. In 2019, WHO released Guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. The World Health Organization (WHO)‘s Global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030 was launched in 2018 and all 194 WHO Member States agreed to the new target of a 15% relative reduction in physical inactivity globally by 2030, and called upon WHO to update the WHO 2010 Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Excessive sedentary time is widespread among children and adolescents around the world, and there is emerging evidence on the negative health effects and the potential public health burden associated with high levels of sedentary behaviour. Common sedentary behaviours include smartphone/tablet use, TV viewing, video game playing, computer use, driving or riding in a car, and reading/studying while sitting. Sedentary behaviour is defined as any waking behaviour characterized by an energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents while in a sitting, reclining or lying posture. Sedentary behaviour is an important consideration alongside physical activity when examining the contribution of both behaviours to the health of children and adolescents. Physical inactivity is a serious threat to the health and wellbeing of the population, and urgent scaling up of known effective policies and programs to increase population levels of physical activity, including children and adolescents, is needed. However, 81% of adolescents aged 11–17 years are insufficiently physically active globally, with significant differences in the prevalence of insufficient physical activity across genders, regions, and countries. Physical activity is well-known to provide multiple health-related benefits in children and adolescents. ![]() In the meantime, investment and leadership is needed to scale up known effective policies and programs aimed at increasing activity in children and adolescents. ConclusionsĪddressing the identified research gaps will better inform guideline recommendations in children and adolescents, and future work should aim to prioritize these areas of research. However, there is still insufficient evidence available to fully describe the dose-response relationships between physical activity or sedentary behaviour and health outcomes, and whether the associations vary by type or domain of physical activity or sedentary behaviour. There was sufficient evidence to support recommendations on limiting sedentary behaviours, which was not addressed in the 2010 WHO guidelines. ![]() ![]() The evidence base reviewed (i.e., existing and new systematic reviews) provided evidence that greater amounts and higher intensities of physical activity as well as different types of physical activity (i.e., aerobic and muscle and bone strengthening activities) are associated with improved health outcomes (primarily intermediate outcomes). The updated literature search yielded 21 relevant systematic reviews. Systematic reviews published from 2017 up to July 2019 that addressed the key questions were identified, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to rate the certainty of the evidence for the entire body of evidence. ![]() The update of the WHO guideline recommendations for children and adolescents utilized and systematically updated the evidence syntheses on physical activity and sedentary behaviour conducted for the 2016 Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth, the 2019 Australian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Young People (5–17 years), and the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, Second Edition. To summarize the evidence on the associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and health-related outcomes used to inform the 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents aged 5–17 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) released in 2020 updated global guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children, adolescents, adults, older adults and sub-populations such as pregnant and postpartum women and those living with chronic conditions or disabilities.
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